By, Miami Strategic Intelligence Institute (MSI²) Panama remains a critical focal point of U.S.–China strategic competition. Over the past several months, the dynamics around telecommunications infrastructure, port concessions at the Panama Canal, and geopolitical alignment have continued to evolve. Below is the latest status picture based on...
By, Jose Adan Gutierrez, Senior Fellow, MSI² Executive Summary: This article examines Panama’s evolving role as a strategic battleground in the intensifying rivalry between the United States and China. Once firmly anchored within the U.S. sphere of influence, Panama has increasingly become a focal point of Chinese...
By, Jose Adan Gutierrez, Senior Fellow, MSI² Executive Summary Panama and the United States have maintained a strategic alliance centered on the Panama Canal since the signing of the Torrijos–Carter Treaties in 1977, which enshrined a Neutrality Clause guaranteeing open and non‑discriminatory access for all nations in peace...